【摘要】 目的評價動態(tài)檢測降鈣素原對食管癌微創(chuàng)術后感染的早期診斷價值。方法選擇我院胸外科2015年6月至2016年6月食管癌微創(chuàng)手術患者68例為觀察對象(觀察組),同期健康體檢患者30例為健康組;分別檢測實驗組術后第1、2、3、5天的靜脈血PCT值,其中10例發(fā)生感染,歸為感染組,余58例為未感染組。比較感染組、未感染組及健康組三組的PCT值。結果術后第1天感染組、未感染組PCT較健康組升高(P<0.05),感染組和未感染組無統(tǒng)計學差異:術后第2天感染組較未感染組PCT升高(P<0.05),術后第3天及第5天感染組較未感染組PCT有顯著升高(P
Value of dynamic detection of PCT on early diagnosis of infection after nmumally invasiveesophagectomy ZHANC Men,g, JIN Xiaoyan., TANG Yon,g. Departmen,t of Comprehensive, Sun. Yatsen, Memorial Hospital of Sun, YaL-sen, Un,iversity, Guan,gzhou 510260, Chin,a. Correspon,din,g author:TA NG Yong,tan,gyon,g8888@hotmcu:l.com
[Abstract]ob[x]jective To evaluate the value of dynamic detection of procalcitonin (PCT) in early diagnosis of infection after minimally invasive esophagectomy. Methods Sixty-eight patients as a observation group who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy in department of cerebral surgery of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between June 2015 to June 2016 and 30 cases of normal physical examination as healthy group over the same period were enrolled in this retrospective study.PCT in blood of the patients undergoing surgery were detected on the first, second, third and fifth day after the surgery.Infection occurred in 10 patients out of the group, which were divided into an observation group and the others were divided into a control group. Differences of PCT among the three groups were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software package. Results On the first day after operation,PCT in the observation group and control group was higher than the healthy group, which showed statistical difference (P<0.05), but it has no statistical difference between observation group and control group. On the second day, the PCT of the observation group was higher than control group,which showed statistical difference (P<0.05). And on the third and the fifth day, the PCT of the observation group was higher significantly than control group, which showed statistical difference (P<0.01). Between the control group and healthy group, there was statistical difference on the first and second day after operation(P<0.05), but it has no statistical difference on the third and fifth day after operation. Conclusion A dynamic detection of PCT is value to the early diagnosis of infection after minimally invasive esophagectomy.When PCT is more than 2.06 p.g/ml on the second day after operation, the patient may be infected by bacteria. We should start the contrapuntal treatment as early as possible.
[Key words] Minimally invasive esophagectomy; Infection; Procalcitonin; Dynamic detection
近幾年隨著食管癌微創(chuàng)技術的推廣和普及,術后感染雖較前減少,但因食管為污染切口、患者多為高齡、且傷口疼痛、膈肌損傷導致患者不敢咳嗽咳痰等因素,術后發(fā)生感染率仍居高不下,目前仍是食管癌圍手術期并發(fā)癥死亡的主要原因之一[1]。大量研究[2,3]表明降鈣素原( procalcitionin,PCT)能準確及敏捷地反映機體的細菌感染狀態(tài)。而Castelli等[4]發(fā)現,PCT在外科手術、尤其是食管術后1—3天可因無菌性系統(tǒng)炎性反應綜合征升高,但通常在2—3μg/mL,且會迅速降至正常;但Reith等[s]研究又提示,如在外科術后第1或第2天PCT值超過1.5μg/mL,則提示有繼發(fā)感染的可能。這兩個區(qū)間的交錯重疊使得臨床醫(yī)生無法確定食管微創(chuàng)術后PCT為多高時應該立即啟動治療性的抗感染方案。我們試圖通過研究68例食管癌微創(chuàng)術后PCT的動態(tài)值,找到一個敏感性和特異性均較滿意的閾值,能提示臨床醫(yī)生盡早開始對食管癌微創(chuàng)術后的患者實施有針對性的抗感染治療,則可能減少術后感染的死亡率,提高手術的療效,改善患者的預后。
1資料與方法
1.1 研究對象及實驗分組
研究對象為2015年6月至2016年6月我院胸外科收治的食管癌患者68例,有實施微創(chuàng)手術的適應癥,無手術禁忌癥?;颊咂骄挲g62+2歲。術前行胸片、尿常規(guī)、血常規(guī)、大便常規(guī)等檢查排除感染病灶。研究分組:擬實施食管癌微創(chuàng)手術患者68例為感染組,其中男42例,女26例;同期健康體檢患者30例為健康組,平均年齡61+2歲,其中男19例,女11例:感染組和健康組年齡及性別比無統(tǒng)計學差異。分別檢測實驗組術后第1、2、3、5天的靜脈血PCT值,其中10例發(fā)生感染,歸為感染組,余58例為未感染組。
1.2觀察時間及檢測方法
患者實施食管癌微創(chuàng)手術治療,手術方式均為胸腹腔鏡聯合食管胃部分切除、胸腹腔二野淋巴結清掃、食管胃頸部吻合。圍手術期遵循我國2004年頒布的《抗菌藥物臨床應用指導原則》常規(guī)應用同一類抗菌藥物預防感染治療。在術后第1、2、3、5天分別采取靜脈血3 mL送檢。采用免疫層析法檢測PCT。檢測儀器為武漢明德生物科技股份有限公司的免疫定量分析儀,型號QMT8000。試劑盒為武漢明德生物科技股份有限公司的降鈣素原檢測試劑盒。
1.3統(tǒng)計學方法
所有統(tǒng)計數據均采用SPSS 12.0軟件包統(tǒng)計分析各組別間的差異性。檢測結果計量資料以均數±標準差表示,組間比較采用t檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結果
2.1三組PCT檢測結果(表1)
術后第1天感染組、未感染組PCT較健康組升高(P<0.05),感染組和未感染組無統(tǒng)計學差異;術后第2天感染組較未感染組PCT顯著升高(P<0.05),術后第3天及第5天感染組較未感染組PCT有顯著升高(P<0.01);術后第1、2天未感染組PCT值較健康組顯著升高(P<0.05);術后第3天和第5天未感染組和健康組相比無明顯統(tǒng)計學差異。
3討論
本研究為回顧性分析,研究對象為我院胸外科既往一年住院的食管癌微創(chuàng)術患者68例,樣本數據較小。其原因為我院既往未能系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測術后PCT數值或相關醫(yī)生無意識通過監(jiān)測PCT來更早地實施有效地抗感染治療:未能滿足術后連續(xù)檢測PCT的患者被排除在外;另外,因傳統(tǒng)開放性手術和微創(chuàng)手術術后PCT值已有統(tǒng)計學差異[6].某些病患因腫瘤過大或有局部的轉移不適于行微創(chuàng)手術而需要行傳統(tǒng)開胸手術被排除在外。系統(tǒng)誤差的存在:2例感染患者在術后第3天出現高熱以及明顯的咳嗽咳痰,影像學資料提示肺部感染,已經開始針對性地抗感染治療,而其他8例均在術后第5天后始出現相關感染癥狀(如胸痛、發(fā)熱、咳嗽)或檢查發(fā)現感染病灶(如肺部感染、泌尿系感染、胸腔感染)。但依據既往PCT與感染的正相關關系[1,2],假設患者全部在