【摘要】 目的:探討單點(diǎn)和兩點(diǎn)連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉方法對(duì)下腹部、盆腔腹腔鏡手術(shù)血?dú)夥治龅挠绊憽7椒ǎ弘S機(jī)選擇腹腔鏡下行下腹部、盆腔手術(shù)患者46例平均分為A、B兩組,A組實(shí)施L1~2間隙單點(diǎn)連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉,B組實(shí)施T9~10、L2~3兩點(diǎn)間隙連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉,并作術(shù)中SpO2 、PaO2、PaCO2、PETCO2連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)。結(jié)果:A組SpO2 、PaO2、PaCO2、PETCO2和B組PaCO2、PETCO2與麻醉前比較,均有顯著性差異(P<0.05)。組間比較SpO2、PaO2,有顯著性差異(P<0.05),B組PaCO2、PETCO2比A組略低,但P>0.05無顯著性差異。結(jié)論:腹腔鏡下行下腹部、盆腔手術(shù)時(shí),兩點(diǎn)連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉對(duì)呼吸功能的影響小,與單點(diǎn)連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉相比更值得臨床應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 麻醉,硬膜外;腹腔鏡;血?dú)夥治?br />
【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the effection of one interspace and two interspaces epidural block on the bloodgas analysis of laparoscopic surgery in lowerabdomen and pelvic cavity.Methods:46 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in lowerabdomen and pelvic cavity were randomly devided into two groups with A and B,group A received L12 while group B received T910、L23 interspaces contonious epidural anathesia.The data of SpO2,PaO2,PaCO2 and PETCO2 were recorded in the operation.Results:There were statistically significant differences between SpO2,PaO2,PaCO2,PETCO2 of group A and PaCO2,PETCO2 of group B compared with preoperation.Between the two groups,significant differences of SpO2 and PaO2 was observed,the data of PaCO2 and PETCO2 were lower than group A,but there were no significant differences.Conclusions:Two interspaces epidural block has a less effection on the breath of laparoscopic surgery in lower abdomen and pelvic cavity,so it has more advantanges than one interspace block.
【Key words】 Anesthesia,epidural;Laparoscopy;Bloodgas analysis
腹腔鏡手術(shù)多在全麻下進(jìn)行,近年來連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉下行腹腔鏡手術(shù)的報(bào)道越來越多。兩點(diǎn)間隙連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉(以下簡(jiǎn)稱兩點(diǎn)法)過去一般應(yīng)用于腹部較大的手術(shù),兩點(diǎn)法阻滯麻醉用于腹腔鏡手術(shù)的報(bào)道較少,我們作了23例行下腹部、盆腔腹腔鏡手術(shù)兩點(diǎn)法阻滯麻醉臨床分析,并與單點(diǎn)連續(xù)硬膜外阻滯麻醉(以下簡(jiǎn)稱單點(diǎn)法)下腹腔鏡手術(shù)23例做了對(duì)比,分析了兩種硬膜外阻滯麻醉對(duì)下腹部、盆腔腹腔鏡手術(shù)血?dú)夥治鼋Y(jié)果的變化情況。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料 選擇我院擬在腹腔鏡下行下腹部、盆腔手術(shù)的患者46例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級(jí),男7例,女39例,18~65歲。其中卵巢囊腫摘除術(shù)21例,陳舊性宮外孕清除術(shù)6例,卵巢畸胎瘤摘除術(shù)12例,精索靜脈高位結(jié)扎術(shù)7例。術(shù)前常規(guī)查體,無心肺疾患、脊柱畸形,常規(guī)禁飲食4~6h。
1.2 麻醉方法 術(shù)前30min肌肉注射魯米那鈉0.1g、阿托品0.5mg。A組實(shí)施L1~2間隙,B組實(shí)施T9~10、L2~3兩點(diǎn)間隙,硬膜外穿刺,導(dǎo)管均頭向置管4cm,固定穩(wěn)妥后翻身改平臥位。兩組均應(yīng)用相同批號(hào)的局麻藥配方。試驗(yàn)量1.73%碳酸利多卡因4ml,測(cè)試平面無異常后用2%利多卡因與0.75%布比卡因?qū)Π牖旌弦壕S持麻醉,術(shù)中輔助麻醉藥均靜脈用哌氟合劑2ml(哌替啶50mg、氟哌利多2.5mg)常規(guī)吸氧2L/min,連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)SpO2 、PaO2、PaCO2、PETCO2、BP、HR并作詳細(xì)記錄,CO2氣腹壓力均為14mm Hg。A組麻醉給予適當(dāng)維持量8ml平面即可進(jìn)行手術(shù)。B組先經(jīng)T9~10間隙注入試驗(yàn)量,5min后測(cè)試麻醉平面無異常再經(jīng)L2~3間隙注入試驗(yàn)量4ml觀察無全脊髓麻醉后先經(jīng)T9~10間隙用維持量7ml,進(jìn)行中腹部人工氣腹、置鞘管等的操作;當(dāng)手術(shù)進(jìn)行到下腹部、盆腔腹腔鏡手術(shù)操作前5min再經(jīng)L2~3間隙追加維持量6ml,開始下腹部、盆腔的剝離、結(jié)扎、電凝、電切、摘除等手術(shù)操作。
1.3 術(shù)中監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo) 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)中、術(shù)后連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)SpO2 、PETCO2,并于術(shù)前10min,氣腹后5、15、30min和術(shù)后30min取動(dòng)脈血行血?dú)夥治?,做好詳?xì)記錄。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理 對(duì)各組數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 10.0 軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理并用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s) 表示,并進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn)。
2 結(jié) 果
兩組手術(shù)均獲成功,手術(shù)時(shí)間40~90min,結(jié)果見1表。 表1 兩組結(jié)果比較
3 討 論
3.1 硬膜外阻滯麻醉下行腹腔鏡手術(shù)存在低氧血癥與CO2潴留 (1)與CO2氣腹有直接關(guān)系,腹內(nèi)壓達(dá)到13mm Hg,使膈肌活動(dòng)受抑制,肺通氣量下降,氧氣吸入量不足,引起低氧[1]。同時(shí)CO2經(jīng)腹膜吸收,使血液PaCO2升高;腹內(nèi)壓升高使下腔靜脈和腹腔內(nèi)臟靜脈受壓而回流受阻,回心血量、心排血量降低,可導(dǎo)致低氧與CO2潴留;(2)麻醉方面的原因,硬膜外阻滯麻醉不象氣管插管麻醉那樣施行機(jī)械通氣保證有足夠的通氣量,麻醉效果差、術(shù)中使用輔助麻醉劑對(duì)呼吸中樞有一定的抑制作用,也是引起低氧與CO2潴留的原因。治療措施:持續(xù)2L/min 面罩吸氧,靜脈用佳蘇侖50mg,可以重復(fù)使用。本藥對(duì)呼吸中樞選擇性興奮作用強(qiáng),對(duì)皮層幾乎無興奮作用,因而對(duì)麻醉無拮抗作用,對(duì)改善腹腔鏡手術(shù)引起的低氧與CO2潴留作用較好。
3.2 兩點(diǎn)阻滯法時(shí),低氧與CO2潴留較單點(diǎn)阻滯法時(shí)輕 分析認(rèn)為,單點(diǎn)阻滯法麻醉平面較窄,臍部穿刺氣腹針、置內(nèi)鏡鞘管等操作疼痛阻滯效果差,CO2刺激腹膜、尤其是膈肌腹膜,患者上腹脹痛、胸肋部脹痛、肩背部放射痛[2],均反射性地抑制呼吸,使通氣量下降,同時(shí)單點(diǎn)阻滯法加用輔助麻醉劑劑量較大,對(duì)呼吸中樞的抑制作用更明顯,上述綜合作用導(dǎo)致單點(diǎn)阻滯法低氧與CO2潴留較重。兩點(diǎn)阻滯法時(shí),阻滯平面較廣,臍部手術(shù)操作痛、膈肌腹膜刺激痛、胸肋脹痛、胸背脹痛均能較好地得到抑制,使呼吸動(dòng)度加大、通氣量加大,輔助麻醉藥劑量減小,綜合作用使兩點(diǎn)阻滯法時(shí)低氧與CO2潴留較單點(diǎn)阻滯法時(shí)輕。
參考文獻(xiàn):
?。郏保?曹月敏,主編.腹腔鏡外科學(xué)[M].石家莊:河北科技出版社,1999194-196
[2] 李全福,曹月敏,馬會(huì)敏.腹腔鏡麻醉方法與胃腸功能變化的相關(guān)性研究[J].腹腔鏡外科雜志,2004,9(3):170